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1. Buy businesses, not stocks Think like an owner. Focus on fundamentals, cash flow, and competitive advantage , not short-term price movement. 2. Circle of competence matters Invest only in industries you deeply understand. Saying “no” to most opportunities is a strength, not a weakness. 3. Margin of safety is non-negotiable Purchase below intrinsic value to protect against errors, volatility, or unforeseen risks . 4. Long-term compounding beats trading Time in the market is more powerful than timing the market. Buffett’s wealth is largely the result of decades of disciplined compounding . 5. Quality over cheapness A great business at a fair price is superior to a mediocre business at a bargain price. 6. Management integrity is critical He evaluates leaders on honesty, capital allocation skill, and shareholder alignment , not just growth promises. 7. Avoid debt and complexity Strong balance sheets and simple, understandable models reduce permanent loss of capital. 8....

10 Fantasy Books to Add to Your TBR List

 Here are 5 highly-regarded books on economic history — spanning broad global perspectives, structural economic change, and long-term growth patterns. These selections are widely recommended by scholars, readers, and economic historians alike: 1. The Age of Capital: 1848-1875 by Eric Hobsbawm A classic synthesis of 19th-century economic and social transformation — industrialisation, finance, and the birth of modern capitalism. Great for understanding how industrial economies emerged and consolidated. 2. The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World by Niall Ferguson A global account of how money, credit, banking, and financial markets shaped human history, from ancient Mesopotamia to the modern era. Insightful for the evolution of financial systems and crises. 3. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War by Robert J. Gordon A deep dive into U.S. economic performance and living standards over more than a century — useful ...

  1) Strategic Surprise → Market Entry Shock Ancient principle: Crossing the Alps where Rome didn’t expect. Business equivalent: Enter through an unexpected channel, geography, or pricing model . Example: launching premium in a low-income market or D2C in a distributor-dominated category. Executive takeaway: Win before competitors mobilize. 2) Maneuver Over Mass → Agility Beats Scale Ancient principle: Avoid Rome’s manpower advantage. Business equivalent: Use speed, niche focus, and rapid iteration instead of large budgets. Lean teams, faster decisions, shorter product cycles. Takeaway: Smaller firms win through tempo , not size. 3) Terrain as a Weapon → Choose the Right Battlefield Ancient principle: Trap Romans at Lake Trasimene. Business equivalent: Compete where you hold structural advantage : Regulation Distribution access Technology moat Customer segment insight Takeaway: Don’t fight on competitors’ strengths— redefine the ar...

  Ten Ways to Stay Perpetually Motivated 1. Anchor Motivation to Purpose, Not Mood Define a clear “why” behind your work. Purpose sustains action even when enthusiasm fluctuates. 2. Break Big Goals into Micro-Wins Convert long projects into small, measurable milestones . Frequent progress triggers dopamine reinforcement and keeps momentum alive. 3. Build Ruthless Daily Discipline Motivation is unreliable; structured routines create automatic action regardless of emotional state. 4. Track Progress Visibly Use dashboards, journals, or habit trackers. Seeing forward movement strengthens commitment and reduces discouragement. 5. Protect Physical Energy Sleep, nutrition, hydration, and exercise directly influence dopamine, testosterone, and cognitive stamina , which underpin motivation. 6. Eliminate Friction and Distractions Simplify environment, reduce decision fatigue, and limit digital noise so starting becomes effortless . 7. Surround Yourself with Driven People Soc...

  1. Promotion Based on Past Performance People are promoted because they performed well in their current role , not because they are suited for the next role . 2. Rise Until Incompetence Employees continue to be promoted until they reach a position where they are no longer competent —and then remain stuck there. 3. Hierarchical Accumulation of Incompetence Over time, many positions in an organization become filled by people not fully capable of performing them effectively . 4. Work Done by the Competent Minority Actual productive work is often carried out by employees who have not yet reached their level of incompetence . 5. Super-Competence Can Be Punished Extremely capable people may be seen as threats to hierarchy and therefore not promoted—or sidelined. 6. Creative Incompetence (Avoiding Promotion) Some employees deliberately appear less competent to avoid promotion into roles they don’t want. 7. Final Placement Syndrome Once someone reaches their incompetence l...