Self-Reliance – Emerson’s central idea is that individuals should trust their own thoughts, instincts, and inner voice rather than conform to external authority or societal expectations.
Individualism – He believed every person has a unique inner potential and must cultivate it rather than imitate others.
Transcendentalism – Emerson was the leading figure of the Transcendentalist movement, which taught that spiritual truths transcend sensory experience and can be grasped through intuition.
The Over-Soul – He proposed that all living beings share a universal spiritual essence or soul, which connects humanity to nature and to God.
Nature as Divine – Emerson viewed nature not as mere scenery but as a manifestation of the divine spirit — a source of wisdom, inspiration, and moral guidance.
Nonconformity – He urged people to resist social pressure and act according to their own moral compass and convictions.
Moral Idealism – Emerson believed that moral principles are rooted in spiritual intuition rather than external laws or dogmas.
Optimism about Human Potential – He saw human beings as inherently good and capable of greatness through self-cultivation and moral effort.
Critique of Materialism – Emerson warned against excessive concern with wealth, possessions, and external success, which he saw as distractions from spiritual growth.
Action and Experience – He taught that true knowledge comes not from books or institutions but from direct experience and active engagement with life.
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