Meditations is the private journal of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, written as personal guidance — not for publication.
It contains practical Stoic advice on how to live with virtue, clarity, discipline, and inner peace despite challenges.
1. Control What You Can, Accept What You Can’t
Marcus constantly reminds himself that:
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You control your thoughts, choices, and actions
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You do not control external events, opinions, or outcomes
Peace comes from focusing on your own conduct, not on what others do.
2. Life Is Short — Use It Wisely
He reflects repeatedly on:
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The brevity of life
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The certainty of death
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The importance of not wasting time on trivialities
This awareness encourages humility and purposeful living.
3. Live According to Nature
For Marcus, living “according to nature” means:
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Fulfilling your duty
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Using reason
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Acting with integrity
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Working for the common good
He sees humans as part of a larger interconnected world.
4. The Mind Is Your Refuge
You can always retreat into your inner citadel — the mind — by:
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Observing your thoughts
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Choosing reason over emotion
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Remaining calm in chaos
No external force can disturb a disciplined mind.
5. Do Not Be Ruled by Emotions
He teaches:
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Anger is temporary madness
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Anxiety is a misuse of imagination
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Pleasure and pain are fleeting
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Fear exaggerates
By watching emotions instead of acting from them, you become free.
6. Be Good — No Matter What Others Do
Marcus repeatedly tells himself:
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Don’t worry about the opinions of others
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Don’t expect gratitude
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Don’t let others’ bad behavior ruin your virtue
Your job is to be good — their behavior is their problem.
7. Accept Fate with Grace (Amor Fati)
Everything happens according to nature’s plan.
Instead of resisting difficulties:
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Accept them
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Learn from them
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Respond with strength
He believes obstacles become opportunities for virtue.
8. Practice Humility
Even as emperor, he reminds himself:
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You are not special
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Fame means nothing
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Wealth is temporary
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Your body will decay like everyone else’s
Humility keeps him grounded and grateful.
9. Serve Others
Marcus views humans as social beings meant to:
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Help each other
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Work together
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Show compassion
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Forgive mistakes
Kindness is strength, not weakness.
10. Daily Reflection Builds Character
His journal itself is a tool for:
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Self-examination
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Correction
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Improvement
He believes virtue is achieved through daily practice, not theory.
Core Message of the Book
To live a good life:
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Be disciplined in thought
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Act with justice
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Accept what happens
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Stay humble
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Serve others
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Live in the present
And above all:
You are responsible only for your character — nothing else.
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